Tag: openldap

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Linux

Setting up an LDAP directory with a Fusiondirectory frontend

LDAP/Fusiondirectory setup

In this guide we will be setting up LDAP (openldap) along with the FusionDirectory web management tool.

Preparations

  • Install Debian jessie (Ubuntu 16.04 should work too) on your server or VM

  • Setup the DNS records in your DNS servers:

    ldap.example.com.           3599    IN      A       1.1.1.1

    NOTE: replace 1.1.1.1 with you actual internal or external IP

  • Allow ssh and web services on firewall:

    apt -y install ufw
ufw allow 22/tcp
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow 443/tcp
ufw enable

    NOTE: It may be a good idea to change the default ssh port from 22 to something less predictable

Setup LDAP

  • Setup ldap.example.com in /etc/hosts:
127.0.2.1 ldap.example.com ldap

  • Install OpenLDAP and FusionDirectory

    apt -y install slapd

    Enter and verify the administrator password for slapd.

  • Create An Internal Certificate Authority for Example LTD:

    • First install gnutls-bin: 
      apt -y install gnutls-bin
    • Create the key for the internal CA for example.com: 
      certtool --generate-privkey --outfile example.com-rootCA.key
    • Create a certificate for our internal CA:
certtool --generate-self-signed --load-privkey example.com-rootCA.key --outfile example.com-rootCA.crt
Generating a self signed certificate...
Please enter the details of the certificate's distinguished name. Just press enter to ignore a field.
Common name: Example LTD Internal ROOT CA
UID: 
Organizational unit name: IT
Organization name: Example LTD
Locality name: Limassol
State or province name: Limassol
Country name (2 chars): CY
Enter the subject's domain component (DC): 
This field should not be used in new certificates.
E-mail: admins@example.com
Enter the certificate's serial number in decimal (default: 6295758616856773074): 
The certificate will expire in (days): 7300

Activation/Expiration time.
The certificate will expire in (days): 7300

Extensions.
Does the certificate belong to an authority? (y/N): y
Path length constraint (decimal, -1 for no constraint): -1
Is this a TLS web client certificate? (y/N):
Will the certificate be used for IPsec IKE operations? (y/N): 
Is this a TLS web server certificate? (y/N): 
Enter a dnsName of the subject of the certificate: 
Enter a URI of the subject of the certificate: 
Enter the IP address of the subject of the certificate: 
Enter the e-mail of the subject of the certificate: 
Will the certificate be used to sign other certificates? (y/N): y
Will the certificate be used to sign CRLs? (y/N): 
Will the certificate be used to sign code? (y/N): 
Will the certificate be used to sign OCSP requests? (y/N): 
Will the certificate be used for time stamping? (y/N):
Enter the URI of the CRL distribution point: 
X.509 Certificate Information:
        Version: 3
        Serial Number (hex): 575f071b0d5a41d2
        Validity:
                Not Before: Mon Jun 13 19:19:27 UTC 2016
                Not After: Sun Jun 08 19:20:00 UTC 2036
        Subject: CN=Example LTD Internal ROOT CA,OU=IT,O=Example LTD,L=Limassol,ST=Limassol,C=CY,EMAIL=admins@example.com
        Subject Public Key Algorithm: RSA
        Algorithm Security Level: Medium (2048 bits)
                Modulus (bits 2048):
                        00:c0:75:c8:02:05:d0:0c:67:af:ac:0c:80:53:bf:cd
                        a3:80:76:cf:3e:14:19:99:5c:24:b4:fc:b0:42:8d:5a
                        03:5d:04:a5:85:c7:fe:e3:d4:30:6c:4c:26:90:76:c5
                        3e:a0:dc:a7:53:a7:eb:13:60:78:44:b3:0a:b2:77:0c
                        46:19:96:ea:d2:46:82:9c:11:2c:a5:e2:a1:57:38:f4
                        8e:4d:74:4f:f9:41:dd:11:f4:c2:f5:9f:b7:9a:93:7d
                        a7:f8:f3:dd:2e:08:6a:25:75:79:f3:63:e5:09:1f:bd
                        6a:38:45:85:f0:63:54:c0:08:68:41:15:66:a4:e3:84
                        49:7e:e5:c5:c7:6c:d3:c7:be:d5:5a:df:1a:1d:55:f8
                        35:73:bb:e3:ea:f7:66:af:d9:09:72:ca:17:5f:80:09
                        99:6a:49:e3:8b:f2:72:56:ac:f8:ba:60:49:d5:80:2a
                        07:e6:17:88:86:e4:3c:89:cd:af:2b:66:a1:af:53:f4
                        66:21:30:a3:22:af:a9:11:6e:98:e0:f7:6d:ef:8a:32
                        e9:0b:a4:82:7b:7b:db:2d:90:8e:bd:e4:54:04:a4:52
                        e8:cf:f6:2e:9b:97:46:ab:cb:38:06:23:33:db:42:0c
                        25:41:5a:d7:02:15:07:c6:e8:86:0b:a6:d7:7d:81:16
                        bd
                Exponent (bits 24):
                        01:00:01
        Extensions:
                Basic Constraints (critical):
                        Certificate Authority (CA): TRUE
                Key Purpose (not critical):
                        Time stamping.
                Key Usage (critical):
                        Certificate signing.
                Subject Key Identifier (not critical):
                        7a596f6dea4080e89c9e78a698d7126cd63dafa7
Other Information:
        Public Key ID:
                7a596f6dea4080e89c9e78a698d7126cd63dafa7
        Public key's random art:
                +--[ RSA 2048]----+
                |                 |
                |     . .         |
                |    . . .        |
                |   o .   .       |
                | . .+.  S o      |
                |  =o..o. + . .   |
                | o.o= .oo . o o  |
                | oo+.  .o  o o   |
                |o...  E+   .o    |
                +-----------------+

Is the above information ok? (y/N): y


Signing certificate...

  • Add the Example LTD Internal ROOT CA as trusted in ca-certificates:

    mkdir /usr/share/ca-certificates/extra
cp example.com-rootCA.crt /usr/share/ca-certificates/extra
dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates

    Add the extra/example.com-rootCA.crt CA as a trusted CA.

    • Configure slapd:
    dpkg-reconfigure slapd
    • Omit OpenLDAP server configuration? No
    • DNS domain name: example.com
    • Organization name: Example LTD
    • Administrator password: ***************
    • Verify password: *************
    • Database backend to use: MDB
    • Do you want the database to be removed when slapd is purged? No
    • Move old database? Yes
    • Allow LDAPv2 protocol? No

  • Configure TLS on LDAP:

  • Create a key for ldap.example.com:

    certtool --generate-privkey --outfile ldap.example.com.key
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key...

  • Create a certificate for ldap.example.com:
certtool --generate-certificate --load-privkey ldap.example.com.key --outfile ldap.example.com.crt --load-ca-certificate example.com-rootCA.crt --load-ca-privkey example.com-rootCA.key
Generating a signed certificate...
Please enter the details of the certificate's distinguished name. Just press enter to ignore a field.
Common name: ldap.example.com
UID: 
Organizational unit name: IT
Organization name: Example LTD
Locality name: Limassol
State or province name: Limassol
Country name (2 chars): CY
Enter the subject's domain component (DC): 
This field should not be used in new certificates.
E-mail: admins@example.com
Enter the certificate's serial number in decimal (default: 6295762607454361711):

Activation/Expiration time.
The certificate will expire in (days): 3650

Extensions.
Does the certificate belong to an authority? (y/N): 
Is this a TLS web client certificate? (y/N): 
Will the certificate be used for IPsec IKE operations? (y/N): 
Is this a TLS web server certificate? (y/N): 
Enter a dnsName of the subject of the certificate: 
Enter a URI of the subject of the certificate: 
Enter the IP address of the subject of the certificate: 
Enter the e-mail of the subject of the certificate: 
Will the certificate be used for signing (required for TLS)? (Y/n): 
Will the certificate be used for encryption (not required for TLS)? (Y/n):
X.509 Certificate Information:
        Version: 3
        Serial Number (hex): 575f0abc2f81186f
        Validity:
                Not Before: Mon Jun 13 19:35:45 UTC 2016
                Not After: Thu Jun 11 19:36:29 UTC 2026
        Subject: CN=ldap.example.com,OU=IT,O=Example LTD,L=Limassol,ST=Limassol,C=CY,EMAIL=admins@example.com
        Subject Public Key Algorithm: RSA
        Algorithm Security Level: Medium (2048 bits)
                Modulus (bits 2048):
                        00:d0:15:8e:02:90:5f:4a:9f:90:ea:1e:35:e6:4b:eb
                        a9:8c:e5:bf:68:ec:83:0e:49:5b:d1:f0:08:4b:ac:b0
                        31:d2:e0:a7:eb:18:d3:ee:b8:38:b7:c4:0a:cc:97:cc
                        b6:ac:2d:29:c8:a8:c4:7c:cc:f1:36:5a:e9:6b:52:f5
                        1e:e5:4f:90:67:34:1f:8c:a8:17:72:ee:40:87:ba:ae
                        8b:f8:4f:f8:be:51:ee:ea:d5:e4:17:63:79:22:41:c0
                        19:43:33:55:bb:46:80:5c:b8:16:18:fa:fb:17:58:c2
                        ed:d2:14:10:3b:57:5d:de:7f:29:ab:66:c2:81:87:05
                        f7:b7:27:78:a9:c0:8e:4f:1c:3f:66:6f:dd:43:26:9f
                        84:59:fb:c7:21:3c:62:4f:8d:4a:25:ab:7e:f0:5f:7e
                        df:97:f7:79:f8:c7:2d:c8:5a:7a:de:ea:5b:c7:bd:e9
                        12:17:56:d3:47:ff:eb:fa:b5:6f:d9:56:8f:c7:e8:7a
                        46:92:75:cc:ff:de:0e:88:49:7d:d7:dd:6e:8d:3f:57
                        fa:0a:7a:3b:80:ec:0e:10:dd:70:d5:9a:8d:91:ce:72
                        44:06:21:d2:9d:e9:b8:91:13:68:4c:fc:e2:bb:4d:a8
                        97:ed:e9:a4:98:5d:e7:c0:ef:3e:9d:30:28:de:bd:10
                        01
                Exponent (bits 24):
                        01:00:01
        Extensions:
                Basic Constraints (critical):
                        Certificate Authority (CA): FALSE
                Key Usage (critical):
                        Digital signature.
                        Key encipherment.
                Subject Key Identifier (not critical):
                        6d8a173de01efa11a892dda76ccd7abc609a2707
                Authority Key Identifier (not critical):
                        7a596f6dea408aa89c9e78a698d7126cd63dafa7
Other Information:
        Public Key ID:
                6d8a173de01efa00a892dda67ccd7abc609a2707
        Public key's random art:
                +--[ RSA 2048]----+
                |                 |
                |                 |
                |        .        |
                |       . +       |
                |        A =      |
                |       +Y= .     |
                |      oo+kk+     |
                |      iii==o*    |
                |       .=B**o.   |
                +-----------------+


Is the above information ok? (y/N): y

Signing certificate...

  • Enable LDAPS in /etc/default/slapd:

    SLAPD_SERVICES="ldap:/// ldapi:/// ldaps:///"
    • Copy the ldap.example.com certficate and apply permissions 
      mkdir /etc/ldap/ssl
cp ldap.example.com.crt /etc/ldap/ssl
cp ldap.example.com.key /etc/ldap/ssl
chown -R openldap:openldap /etc/ldap/ssl    /
    • Create an olcSSL.ldif file:
mkdir /etc/ldap/custom_ldifs/
cd /etc/ldap/custom_ldifs/<br />
cat > olcSSL.ldif < < EOF
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcTLSCACertificateFile
olcTLSCACertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
-
add: olcTLSCertificateKeyFile
olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/ldap.example.com.key
-
add: olcTLSCertificateFile
olcTLSCertificateFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/ldap.example.com.crt
EOF
  • Import the TLS configuration:
ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f olcSSL.ldif

Verify with:

slapcat -n0 | grep -i tls
olcTLSCACertificateFile: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
olcTLSCertificateFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/ldap.example.com.crt
olcTLSCertificateKeyFile: /etc/ldap/ssl/ldap.example.com.key
  • Restart and verify slapd: 
    systemctl restart slapd
netstat -lnptu | grep slapd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:636             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27665/slapd     
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:389             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      27665/slapd     
tcp6       0      0 :::636                  :::*                    LISTEN      27665/slapd     
tcp6       0      0 :::389                  :::*                    LISTEN      27665/slapd

Setup Apache

  • Install Apache with PHP: 
    apt -y install apache2 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-ldap php5-mcrypt php5-intl php-pear

Setup Let’s Encrypt:

NOTE: this step is only necessary if you have a public facing ldap.example.com service

  • Setup Debian jessie backports:
cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list < < EOF
# jessie backports
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main
deb-src http://ftp.debian.org/debian jessie-backports main
EOF
  • Run apt update
  • Install Let’s Encrypt utility, certbot: 
    apt -y install python-certbot-apache -t jessie-backports
  • Generate a certificate for all the domain ldap.example.com: 
    certbot run -d ldap.example.com

    In the TUI add the admins@example.com email and agree to the ToS. Use 000-default.conf for now.

  • Download and trust all Let’s Encrypt Root and Intermediate CA certificates:

    wget https://letsencrypt.org/certs/isrgrootx1.pem
for i in {1..4}; do wget https://letsencrypt.org/certs/lets-encrypt-x$i-cross-signed.pem; done
cp *.pem /usr/share/ca-certificates/extra/
for f in *.pem; do cp -- "$f" "/usr/share/ca-certificates/extra/${f%.pem}.crt"; done
dpkg-reconfigure ca-certificates # Select all the newlly added CA certs

    • Setup FusionDirectory

    • Setup Fusiondirectory Repo: 
      gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 62B4981F 
gpg --export -a "Fusiondirectory Archive Manager <contact @fusiondirectory.org>" > FD-archive-key
apt-key add FD-archive-key
echo '# fusiondirectory repository' > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fusiondirectory.list
echo 'deb http://repos.fusiondirectory.org/debian-jessie jessie main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fusiondirectory.list
echo 'deb-src http://repos.fusiondirectory.org/debian-jessie jessie main' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/fusiondirectory.list
apt update
    • Install FusionDirectory: 
      apt -y install fusiondirectory fusiondirectory-schema
    • Insert core FusionDirectory schemas into *slapd 
      fusiondirectory-insert-schema

      Verify:

      fusiondirectory-insert-schema -l
core
cosine
nis
inetorgperson
samba
core-fd
core-fd-conf
ldapns
recovery-fd
    • Create a Fusiondirectory Apache vhost (/etc/apache2/sites-available/ldap.example.com.conf): 
      <virtualhost *:80>
    ServerName ldap.example.com
    Redirect "/" "https://ldap.example.com/"
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ldap-error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ldap-access.log combined
</virtualhost>
<ifmodule mod_ssl.c>
    <virtualhost *:443>
            ServerName ldap.example.com
            ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
            DocumentRoot /usr/share/fusiondirectory/html
            ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ldap-error.log
            CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ldap-access.log combined
            SSLEngine on
            SSLCertificateFile      /etc/letsencrypt/live/ldap.example.com/cert.pem
            SSLCertificateKeyFile   /etc/letsencrypt/live/ldap.example.com/privkey.pem
            <filesmatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
                            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            </filesmatch>
            <directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
                            SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
            </directory>
            BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
                            nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
                            downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
            BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
            <ifmodule mod_php5.c>
            <location></location>
                php_admin_flag engine on
                php_admin_flag register_globals off
                php_admin_flag allow_call_time_pass_reference off
                php_admin_flag expose_php off
                php_admin_flag zend.ze1_compatibility_mode off
                php_admin_flag register_long_arrays off
                php_admin_value upload_tmp_dir /var/spool/fusiondirectory/
                php_admin_value session.cookie_lifetime 0
                #Include /etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.secrets

            </ifmodule>
            <directory /usr/share/fusiondirectory/html></directory>
                Order Allow,Deny
                # Insert your public IPs here
                Allow from 2.2.2.2
                Allow from 2.2.2.3

    </virtualhost>
</ifmodule>
    • Enable mod_ssl, ldap.example.com and disable 000-default and default-ssl: 
      a2enmod ssl
a2ensite ldap.example.com
a2dissite default-ssl
a2dissite 000-default
systemctl restart apache2
    • Setup FusionDirectory:
      • Install optional prerequisities: 
        apt -y install php-mdb2
      • Point your Browser to: 
        https://ldap.example.com/
      • Create a temporary token for the setup (taken from the first setup webpage): 
        echo -n r9l1srnu0rvdeca4k826nq4e05 > /var/cache/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.auth

        Click ‘Next’

      • In the ‘Language setup’ select ‘English’ and press ‘Next’.

      • If everything is ‘OK'(Green) on the ‘Installation check’ click ‘Next’

      • On the ‘LDAP connection setup’:

        • Location name: default
        • Connection URI: ldap://ldap.example.com:389
        • TLS connection: Yes
        • Admin DN: cn=admin(,dc=example,dc=com)
        • Admin password: *************************
        • LDAP schema check:
          • Enable schema validation when logging in: Yes
      • Keep defaults in ‘Look and feel’ except ‘Timezone’:
        • Timezone: America/Los_Angeles
      • Keep all the defaults in ‘Password settings’ except this:
        • Password minimum length: 8
      • In the ‘SSL’ field use these:
        • Key path: /etc/ldap/ssl/ldap.example.com.key
        • Certificate path: /etc/ldap/ssl/ldap.example.com.crt
        • CA certificate path: /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt

        Click ‘Next’ when done.

      • In the ‘LDAP inspection’ page:

        • Press ‘Migrate’ (twice) in the ‘Inspecting object classes in root object’ option

      • Press ‘Create’ in the ‘Checking for super administrator’ option’, fill the fields, and ‘Apply’ when done:

        • User ID: ldapadmin
        • Password: ***************
        • Password (again): ***************
      • In the ‘Checking for default ACL roles and groups’ field, press ‘Migrate’

    • From the ‘Finish – write the configuration file’, download the configuration file on your PC

    • Copy the configuration file from your PC to ldap.example.com:

      scp fusiondirectory.conf root@ldap.example.com:/etc/fusiondirectory

    • Apply the correct permissions to the /etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.conf file:
    fusiondirectory-setup --check-config
Checking FusionDirectory's config file
/etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.conf exists…
/etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.conf is not set properly, do you want to fix it ?:  [Yes/No]?
y
    • Click ‘Next’ when done.

  • Use encrypted passwords in fusiondirectory.conf:

    • Enable the headers module in Apache: 
      a2enmod headers
systemctl restart apache2
    • Encrypt passwords in fusiondirectory.conf: 
      fusiondirectory-setup --encrypt-passwords
    • Uncomment the following line in /etc/apache2/sites-available/ldap.example.com.conf: 
      Include /etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.secrets
    • Restart Apache: 
      systemctl restart apache2
    • If everything works as expected remove /etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.conf.orig 
      rm /etc/fusiondirectory/fusiondirectory.conf.orig
  • Allow ‘.’ (dot) in usernames:
    • After everything is set, login as ldapadmin
    • Go to ‘Configuration’
    • Press the ‘Edit’ button at the bottom of the page
    • Un-tick the ‘Strict naming policy’ option and save.

    • Installing essential FusionDirectory plugins

    • Setup LDAP related plugins: 
      apt -y install fusiondirectory-plugin-ldapdump fusiondirectory-plugin-ldapmanager
    • Setup the DSA plugin for managing service accounts: 
      apt -y install fusiondirectory-plugin-dsa fusiondirectory-plugin-dsa-schema
fusiondirectory-insert-schema -i /etc/ldap/schema/fusiondirectory/dsa-fd-conf.schema
      • Allow the service accounts to read and write the password. First create the ACL definition:
    cat > /etc/ldap/custom_ldifs/service_accounts_acl.ldif < < EOF
dn: olcDatabase={1}mdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
delete: olcAccess
-
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {0}to dn.subtree="dc=example,dc=com" attrs=userPassword
  by self write
  by dn.base="cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by dn.children="ou=dsa,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by anonymous auth
  by * none
-
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {1}to dn.subtree="ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"
  by self read
  by dn.base="uid=test.user,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by dn.base="cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by dn.children="ou=dsa,dc=example,dc=com" read
  by anonymous auth
  by * none
-
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {2}to attrs=userPassword,shadowLastChange
  by self write
  by anonymous auth
  by dn="cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by * none
-
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {3}to dn.subtree="dc=example,dc=com"
  by self read
  by dn.base="cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by dn.children="ou=dsa,dc=example,dc=com" write
  by * none
-
add: olcAccess
olcAccess: {4}to dn.base=""
  by * none
EOF

    NOTE: Add two spaces before each ‘by‘ in the ldif above or you will spend endless hours in troubleshooting!

    • Apply the ACL 
      ldapadd -c -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f /etc/ldap/custom_ldifs/service_accounts_acl.ldif
      • Setup the Systems plugin:
      apt -y install fusiondirectory-plugin-systems fusiondirectory-plugin-systems-schema
fusiondirectory-insert-schema -i /etc/ldap/schema/fusiondirectory/service-fd.schema
fusiondirectory-insert-schema -i /etc/ldap/schema/fusiondirectory/systems-fd-conf.schema
fusiondirectory-insert-schema -i /etc/ldap/schema/fusiondirectory/systems-fd.schema
      • Setup a new server:
        • Name: ldap.example.com
        • Description: Communications Server
        • Location: My Datacenter
        • Base: /

        • IP-address: 10.134.31.94

        • MAC-address: 04:01:05:d6:63:02

      • From the ‘Services’ tab setup an LDAP service on the ldap.example.com server

    You are finished. You can now start connecting services to your LDAP setup like mail or asterisk.

    References

    • https://documentation.fusiondirectory.org/en/start</contact>